Influence of mandibulotomy approaches on oral function following radical resection of tongue carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to compare the influences of postoperative oral function in patients with median or paramedian mandibulotomy during the radical resection of tongue carcinoma and to provide evidence for the choice of osteotomy location for mandibulotomy.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 126 patients who underwent combined radical neck dissection with mandibulectomy and glossectomy followed by simultaneous reconstruction were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to the position of mandibulotomy: median mandibulotomy group (median group, n=60) and paramedian mandibulotomy group (paramedian group, n=66). The fourth edition of the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW-QOL) was used to compare the differences in oral functions, such as swallowing, mastication, and speech, between the two groups during regular follow-up. SPSS 24.0 software package was used for statistical analysis, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.@*RESULTS@#Six months after the operation, no significant differences in swallowing, mastication, and speech functions were found between the median and paramedian groups. However, the swallowing and speech functions in the paramedian group were better than those in the median group 1 year after the operation (P<0.05), whereas no statistical difference in mastication function was observed between the two groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Evaluation of the postoperative oral function results showed that paramedian mandibulotomy was a better surgical approach than median mandibulotomy. Paramedian mandibulotomy is worth prioritizing in the radical resection of tongue carcinoma.

Application of the nasolabial fold "smile" incision approach in posterior buccal cancer ablation / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study investigated the feasibility and clinical result of radical resection of posterior buccal carcinoma by using the facial nasolabial fold "smile" incision approach.@*METHODS@#From August 2016 to March 2017, 23 patients with posterior buccal carcinoma were included in this study and underwent radical surgery. Upon finishing the cervical lymph node dissection, an arc-shaped incision was made at 1 cm lateral to the ipsilateral angulus oris, extending along the nasolabial fold upward to the inferolateral margin of the nasal alar while downward in direct continuity with the neck dissection incision.@*RESULTS@#Satisfactory exposure and easy resection of the primary tumor with negative surgical margin were achieved in all 23 patients. After 12-22 months of follow-up (16.5 months on average), all patients recovered favorably, and no local recurrence or distant metastasis was observed. Mouth opening was restored to normal in all cases. The scars were hidden in the nasolabial fold, thus named "smile" incision.@*CONCLUSIONS@#For posterior buccal cancer patients, the facial "smile" incision approach can satisfy the need of surgical exposure, facilitate operative performance, and preserve the annular integrity of the lips without affecting the radical tumor ablation, thereby maintaining a favorable mouth opening. With these advantages, the "smile" incision approach is considered worthy of being popularized in clinical application.

A retrospective study of oral squamous cell carcinomas originated from oral submucous fibrosis / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical characteristics, pathological and biological behaviors of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) originated from oral submucous fibrosis (OSF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 528 patients with OSCC treated at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from 2002 to 2010 were divided into two groups, OSCC originated from OSF and OSCC not originated from OSF. The clinical data regarding age, gender, location, pathological type, metastasis and recurrence rate of these patients were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean age of the group of OSCC originated from OSF (45.8 years) was younger than that of the group of OSCC not originated from OSF (55.9 years). The male female ratio of the group of OSCC originated from OSF (32.3:1) was higher than that of the group of OSCC not originated from OSF (2.3:1). The metastasis and recurrence rate of the group of OSCC originated from OSF (13.5%, 39.1%) was higher than that of the group of OSCC not originated from OSF (7.6%, 27.8%.).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>OSCC originated from OSF occurs at younger age and more in male, and is clinically more invasive and metastatic.</p>

Expressions of RANK, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin in male rats at different ages / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), its ligand RANKL, and osteoprotegerin, and observe the effects of αD3 on their expressions in male rats at different ages.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Wistar rats at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 24 months (n=15) were examined for mRNA expressions of RANK/RANKL and osteoprotegerin in the left proximal femur using RT-PCR and for their protein expressions in the right femur using immunohistochemistry. RANK/RANKL and osteoprotegerin expressions were also detected in another 15 rats aged 24 months following intragastric administration of 0.05 µg/kg αD3 (3 times a week for 10 weeks).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with 6-week-old rats, 6-month- and 24-month-old rats showed a 6.2-fold and 7.3-fold increase of RANKL mRNA expression, respectively (P<0.05), and osteoprotegerin mRNA levels increased slightly with age. αD3 treatment resulted in significantly increased expression of RANK in 24-month-old rats with a lowered RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio. RANKL and osteoprotegerin were co-localized in the osteoblasts and chondrocytes. αD3 treatment also caused an increased expression of osteoprotegerin mRNA in 24-month-old rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The age-related increase of the ratio of RANKL/osteoprotegerin mRNA promotes osteoclast activity and bone turnover. αD3 has favorable effect on osteogenesis and suppress bone absorption in the femur possibly by reducing RANK expression and lowering RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio.</p>

Influence of multiple sintering on wear behavior of Cercon veneering ceramic / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of multiple sintering on wear behavior of Cercon veneering ceramic.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Samples were fabricated according to the manufacture's requirement for different sintering times (1, 3, 5, 7 times). The wear test was operated with a modified MM-200 friction and wear machine in vitro. The wear scars were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With the sintering times increasing, the wear scar width became larger. The correlation was significant at the 0.01 level. Significant difference was observed in wear scar width among different samples (P < 0.05). SEM and AFM results showed that veneering ceramic wear facets demonstrated grooves characteristic of abrasive wear.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Multiple sintering can decrease the wear ability of Cercon veneer, and the wear pattern has the tendency to severe wear.</p>

Development of the research on the application of chlorotoxin in imaging diagnostics and targeted therapies for tumors / 癌症

Precisely locating tumors always proves to be difficult. To find a molecule that can specifically bind to tumor cells is the key. Recently, chlorotoxin (CTX) has been proved to be able to bind to many kinds of tumor cells. The CTX receptor on the cell surface has been demonstrated to be matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Many researchers have combined CTX with other molecules, including 131I, Cy5.5, iron oxide nanoparticles coated by polyethylene glycol (NP-PEG), and so on, and thus synthesized various types of probes that can be detected by gamma-camera, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). With these methods, the binding degree of CTX could be assessed. These studies demonstrated that CTX has a highly specific binding ability, high stability, and security. CTX could also inhibit or kill the tumor cells. A nonviral nanovector has been developed for gene therapy. As a result, it gradually develops into a new method of diagnosis and targeted therapy of tumors. This article reviews the current progress on CTX including the origin, chemical construction, the mechanism of binding with tumor cells, and the application to tumor imaging diagnosis and therapy.

Expression of loricrin and cytochrome P450 3A5 in oral submucous fibrosis and their significance / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of loricrin (LOR) and cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP 3A5) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and to evaluate their roles in the defending ability of epithelium mucosae.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of LOR and CYP 3A5 was examined in the specimens of 66 OSF and 14 normal buccal mucosa samples by immunohistochemistry, and the protein and mRNA expression of them was detected by Western blot and reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LOR was overexpressed in 42 (63.6%) cases of OSF, and showed a significant difference only between the early and moderately stages of OSF (P < 0.05), but no clear difference between moderately and advanced stages (P > 0.05). All normal buccal mucosa tissues showed positive immunoreactivity for CYP 3A5 protein in the membrane and cytoplasm of spinous epithelial cells and cytoplasm of endothelial cells, 5 (7.6%) cases of OSF showed weak staining of CYP 3A5 in spinous epithelial cells and 33 (50%) showed faint in cytoplasm of endothelial cells. A negative relationship between its expression and pathological stages was found in OSF (P < 0.05). RT-PCR results were fully consistent with the immunohistochemical data. But the results of Western blot only showed the expression of CYP 3A5 was significantly higher in normal buccal mucosa samples than OSF.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggest that the LOR and CYP 3A5 might play a vital role in the change of defending ability of epithelium mucosae as well as the pathopoiesis and carcinogenesis of OSF.</p>

Application of bioinformatics tools in analysis of differentially expressed genes in oral submucosal fibrosis / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To apply the bioinformatics tools for analyzing the differentially expressed genes in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) to obtain the implied biological significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By using DAVID and Onto-express bioinformatic tools, 865 differentially expressed genes in OSF were analyzed and the analysis of chromosome location, gene ontology (GO) and genetic-association diseases were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A majority of the differentially expressed genes were located on chromosome 1,2,5,6,7,11,12 (P < 0.01). GO classification of the differentially expressed genes identified the biological process subgroups, including genes involved in immune response, defense response and so on. The cellular component subgroups were associated with extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton and membrane, molecular function subgroups related to protein binding, extracellular matrix structural constituent and signal transducer activity. The diseases genetically associated with these genes included infection, immune and cardiovascular diseases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Bioinformatics can provide the quick and parallel analysis of massive data got from gene microarrays and enable the function classification of the differentially expressed genes, which provides new ideas on the research of pathogenesis and epidemiology of OSF.</p>

Three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary protraction of the maxilla in patients with cleft lip and palate / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the effective rule of protraction in different directions,strains, and shifts of maxillary bone,and to supply the scientific data for treatment of the maxilla in patients with cleft lip and palate.@*METHODS@#" Based on the establishment of 3-dimensional finite element model of maxilla with cleft lip and palate,ANSYS 10.0 software was used to simulate protraction,and then we analyzed the change of maxillary stress and shift in the same force of traction in different directions.@*RESULTS@#With 500 g per lateral protraction and the protraction angle from 20 degree to 45 degree,the maxillary shifted upward, forward, and outward, and the shape of maxillary plate bow showed internal shrinkage. There was a close relation between the internal shrinkage and the direction of protraction. The smaller the angle between the direction of protraction and the functional occlusion plane,the larger the internal shrinkage of tooth bow. The larger the angle between the direction of protraction and the functional occlusion plane,the smaller the internal shrinkage of tooth bow.@*CONCLUSION@#With protraction,the maxilla grows upward, forward, and outward, and the maxillary palate shinks internally. There is a close relation between the direction of protraction and the range of internal shrinkage.

Expression and significance of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, C-X-C motif 9 and keratin 19 in oral submucosal fibrosis / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression and localization of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), C-X-C motif 9 (CXCL9) and keratin 19 (KRT19) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and to evaluate their roles in the pathopoiesis of OSF.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression and localization of COMP, CXCL9 and KRT19 were investigated in the specimens of 66 patients with oral submucous fibrosis and 14 normal controls by immunohistochemistry, and their protein and mRNA expressions were detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>COMP was overexpressed in 36 (55%) cases of OSF, and 43 (65%) cases showed positive immunoreactivity for CXCL9 protein in the cytoplasm of inflammatory cells and endothelial cells in OSF. All normal buccal mucosa tissues were stained continuously and strongly for KRT19 in the cytoplasm of basal cells, only 7 (11%) of 66 OSF samples showed faint and fragmented KRT19 staining in the cytoplasm of basal cells. RT-PCR and Western blotting results were fully consistent with the immunohistochemical data.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>COMP, CXCL9 and KRT19 play an important role in the pathopoiesis of OSF.</p>

Molecules of G(2)/M phase and the phosphorylation of survivin in the carcinogenesis of oral submucosal fibrosis / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the expression of Cyclin B1, p34(cdc2) and the phosphorylation of survivin (p-survivin) in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral submucosa fibrosis (OSF), and to discuss their possible role in carcinogenesis of OSF.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of Cyclin B1, p34(cdc2) and p-survivin were analyzed by Western blotting assay in 10 cases of normal oral mucosa epithelium, 40 cases of OSF epithelium and 42 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) originated from OSF, respectively. Immunoprecipitation was used to confirm the relationship between the p34(cdc2) and survivin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of Cyclin B1, p34(cdc2), p-p34(cdc2) and p-survivin in OSF group were significantly higher than those in normal group (P < 0.05). The expression of these molecules showed significant different (P < 0.05) between the OSF and OSCC originated from OSF, but there was no significant difference among the early stage, the moderately advanced stage and the advanced stage of OSF. Immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the combination of p34(cdc2) and survivin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The important molecules in G(2)/M phase-Cyclin B1, p34(cdc2) and p-survivin may play a key role during the mitosis and proliferation of OSF, which will be helpful in early diagnosis and therapy of carcinogenesis of OSF.</p>

A case report of sparganosis mansoni in the cheek / 华西口腔医学杂志

Sparganosis mansoni is a kind of parasitic infective disease, rarely seen in clinic. A case of sparganosis mansoni is reported in this article. The patient was a 25-year-old male, who came to Xiangya Hospital on September 26, 2007 because of a mass in the left cheek. A white tape-like body was found during the operation and recognized to be a live parasite. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of the serum revealed positivity against Spirometra mansoni. The final identification proved that the white tape-like body was Sparganum mansoni. The disease of this patient was caused by eating raw flesh of frogs infected with the Sparganum mansoni.

A case of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome family / 华西口腔医学杂志

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by developmental abnormalities and tumorigenesis. In this paper, a case of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome family was reported, and its incidence, pathogenesis, clinical features and methods of treatment were discussed by reviewing relevant literatures.

Effects of monofluorphosphate and alphaD3 on the bone mineral density of mandibular of ovariectomy rats / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of monofluorphosphate and alphaD3 on the bone mineral density of mandibular of ovariectomy rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>39 female Sprague-Dawley rats about 90 days of age were randomly divided into the following treatment groups and treated for 12 weeks: SHAM group, OVX group, MFP group, MFP+alphaD3 group. Rats of MFP group received monofluorphosphate by gastric feeding. Rats of MFP+alphaD3 group received monofluorphosphate and alphatD3 by gastric feeding. The femur and the mandibles were collected for histomorphometry and bone mineral density measurement.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The bone area, bone thick, and bone mineral density of femur in the OVX group were significantly lower than those of other groups, while the trabecular separation of the OVX group was significantly higher than that of other groups. The bone mineral density of mandible was increased in OVX group and MFP+alphaD3 group compared with SHAM group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Monofluorphosphate and alphaD3 can obviously increase the mass of mandible. The bone mineral density of femur decreased after ovariectomy while it increased in mandibular.</p>

Change of the expression level of Th1 and Th2 cytokines around the xenogeneic cancellous bone scaffold after transplantation: an experiment in rabbits / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the dynamic immunity of the porcine cancellous bone scaffold(PCBS) after transplantation and provide experimental evidences for amending and clinical use.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The PCBS was gained through physical and chemical disposals to porcine cancellous bone and was implanted subcutaneously in rabbit. The histological investigation and the expression of Th1 (such as IL-2, IFN-gamma) and Th2 (such as IL-4, IL-10) mRNA were measured by HE, RT-PCR respectively in 1,2,4,8,12 week postoperation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HE revealed: Inflammation cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) were shown abundantly in the surrounding tissue in 1 week and were decreased gradually since 2 week. At 12 week, there were few inflammation cells in the surrounding tissue. RT-PCR revealed: The mRNA expression level of Th1 cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-gamma was high in 1 week and began to fall since 2 week. At 12 week, the mRNA expression level of Th1 cytokines was low; The mRNA expression level of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 was low in 1 week, rose gradually since 2 week and reached tiptop in 8 week. At 12 week, the mRNA of Th2 cytokines maintained high level expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The porcine cancellous bone scaffold excitate immunoreaction was transitory inflammation after implantation.</p>

Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on collagen phagocytosis by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on collagen phagocytosis of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fluorescence localization and flow cytometry was used to test the collagen phygocytosis of hPDLF stimulated by the various concentration of LPS for 48 hours in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The collagen phygocytosis of hPDLF was increased significantly by 0.1 microg/mL LPS (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study indicates that P. gingivalis LPS may enhance the degradation of collagen by stimulating the phagocytic activity of the hPDLF in periodontitis.</p>

Wear behavior of enamel and veneering ceramics / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the wear between the enamel and two types of dental decoration porcelains for all-ceramic restorations (Vita-alpha, Vintage AL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Friction coefficients, wear scar width, element concentrations and wear surface evolution were considered relatively to the tribology of that in vivo situation. The wear scars of the samples were characterized by means of dynamic atomic force microscopy (DFM). The different element concentrations of the surface before/after the wear test were determined with energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The friction coefficient varied from time in each kind of material. The statistical differences between materials were observed in wear scar width and properties of materials (P<0.05). DFM results showed wear surface of natural tooth full of abrasive particles and denaturation of dental texture. Wear surface of veneering ceramics consisted mainly of abrasive particles, plough and microcracking. EDS results showed that the element concentration of Fe was obviously found on the samples after wear.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The main underlying mechanisms of natural teeth wear are abrasive, and denaturation of dental texture. Abrasive wear, adhesion and fatigue of veneering ceramics characterize the wear patterns which plays different role in Vita-alpha and Vintage AL. The wear patterns of veneering ceramics can be described as mild wear.</p>

Effect of astragalus polysaccharides on the proliferation and ultrastructure of dog bone marrow stem cells induced into osteoblasts in vitro / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the growth and osteogenic property of cultured dog bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) by investigating the effects of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the proliferation and ultrastructure of BMSCs into osteoblasts in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BMSCs osteogenic property was detected by improved Wright-Giemsa, Gomori and alizarin dyeing method. The proliferation and differentiation of the induced BMSCs with APS in different concentration and time were detected by MTT assay and the morphologic change of the induced BMSCs was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BMSCs osteogenic property was detected with Wright-Giemsa deep-bluing, Gomori method blacking and with more mineral nodules alizarin dyeing method carmining. APS with concentration of 0.005 mg/mL can promote the proliferation of the induced BMSCs in short-term culture (1th, 3th day) and 50 mg/mL can decrease the effect through long-term culture (5th day). Observed by TEM (5th day), the number of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum increased and the extracellular matrix was excreted more in the induced BMSCs by APS with concentration of 0.005 mg/mL. However, not only the number of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum reduced but also the structure was swollen, degenerative, membrance damaged in the induced BMSCs by APS with concentration of 50 mg/mL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>APS with lower concentration in short-term culture may promote BMSCs proliferation and differentiation.</p>

An investigation of restoration of alveolar cleft with engineered bone / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate restoration of alveolar cleft with engineered bone constructed by sponge collagen protein combined bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve dogs were divided into 4 groups, the third incisor and alveolar bone with periosteum in bilateral maxilla were removed to form alveolar cleft model. The BMSCs were isolated from dog bone marrow. After being cultured and induced, the BMSCs were seeded in sponge collagen protein and cultured for 48 hours. The composites of BMSCs and collagen were implanted into the defect of alveolar cleft. After 12 weeks' feeding, those dogs were sacrificed. Three-dimensional CT and histological examination were used to observe the progress of bone formation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The defects healed at 12 weeks after being implant BMSCs-collagen composites, the width of engineered bone is resembled with positive control, but the height is less than positive control.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The engineered bone can restore the defect of alveolar bone effectively, it can be used clinically to treat alveolar cleft.</p>

Effect of surgically induced bilateral cleft alveolar on maxillary growth in dogs / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To establish an animal model of bilateral alveolar cleft and to determine the effect of cleft on maxillary growth.@*METHODS@#Eight dogs (12 weeks old) were divided into unoperated control groups (n = 4) and the model group (n = 4). The model dogs were operated to establish a bilateral alveolar cleft. All the dogs were killed and the craniofacial morphology on clean skull was analyzed by the direct detection and CT.@*RESULTS@#The length, the foreside width, and the foreside height of the maxillary in the model group were shrunken compared with those of the control group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The alveolar cleft plays an important role in the maxillary aberration.